Alloy and carbon Tool steels

Tool steels - work environment and grade selection

The working temperature of the tools should not exceed the degree at which the grade is tempered. By increasing the temperature and annealing temperature limit corresponds alloying elements such as Chromium - Cr, Molybdenum - Mo, Vanadium - V Cobalt - Co, and - Tungsten W. In addition, carbon at up to 2.5% in composition is also the most important element determining the hardness and durability of the final material, but it adversely affects the ductility of the steel, fragility is characteristic of the tool products.

The choice of the right tooling species should ensure, for example, in machining units and tool components long-term shape stability, accuracy, abrasion and load resistance, and efficiency. Proper operation of tool steel products also depends on the correct construction of the component, proper operation of the product, and the proper execution of the tool.

In many cases, tool steels during work are heated to extremely high temperatures. Often it is in a fraction of a second, and the product can raise its own temperature up to 1000 ℃, and as a result of overheating and high stress it can deform or even break. In addition to the manufacture of rolled and forged products, other similar products are also found in the group, such as sintered carbides with characteristic chemical composition for high-speed steels and tool steels, and stellit.

Tool steel division

We distinguish 5 sub-groups of tool steel:

• Carbon tool steels
• Cold work tool steels
• Hot work tool steels
• Sintered alloy tool steel
• High speed steels

Bars, plates, tapes and forgings of tool steel

The above-described non-alloy tool steels, cold work tool steels and hot work tool steels are defined by the standards PN-84/H-85020, PN-86/H-85023, PN-86/H-85021, and IS-63/0644-02, and PN-EN ISO 4957 standard, according to which the following are delivered:

• Tool steel sheets according to PN-86/H-92139
• Forgings and forged bars from tool steel according to PN-79/H-94500, PN-EN ISO 4957
• Tool steel cold-rolled tapes according to PN-77/H-92330-00, PN-77/H-92330-01, PN-H-92330, PN-84/H-92331, PN-75/H-92335, PN-EN 10132-3
• Tool steel bars according to PN-93/H-93007, PN-85/H-93002, PN-72/H-93200 PN-EN ISO 4957, PN-55/H-93217, PN-55/H-93218, PN-55/H-93216, PN-62/H-93016
• Light bars made of tool steel according to PN-60/H-93010, PN-76/H-93006, PN-62/H-93016, PN-59/H-93241, PN-EN ISO 4957